In the "Inflammation in MS" review, the DR-17 haplotype was associated with autoimmune disorders such as diabetes, lupus, and thyroid disorders. In fact the more general Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) were found as the cell surface antigens mediating the rejection of tissue transplants in HLA mismatched donors. HLA-DR family is a major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) cell surface receptor and is a ligand for T-cell receptor.
HLA-DR is linked to many autoimmune conditions and disease susceptibility or resistance. In response to signalling, HLA-DR molecules are upregulated. In the instance of an infection, the peptide binds to a DR molecule and is presented to a few T-cell receptors found on T-helper cells. These cells then bind to antigens on the surface of B-cells stimulating B-cell proliferation. Upon activation, antibodies are produced, which can lead to autoimmune disorders or disease resistance.
Wikipedia has a very nice table of diseases associated with HLA-DR, displaying which specific DR is linked with which disease.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-DR
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